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NyD;awmh tmumool&JawGyg
ol[m vay:rSm ajccscJholyg
q&m
atmhywdrwfy½dkif;yg
tmumoc&D;oGm;azmfyg
'g *kPfjyKwmyJ
'D*kPf[m usKyf&wJh*kPf
1960 tmumoNydKifqdkifyGJrSm
'g[m tjzpf tysufwpfckudk wHkYjyefwmyg
tmumo,mOfrSL;awG[m N*dK[fom;wdkY&JU ,mOfysufudk ppfaq;cJhw,f
tJ'D ,mOfysufrSmtouf&SifrIr&SdcJhbl;
'gudk vQKdU0Sufxm;ygr,fvkY opömqkdcJh&w,f
'g[m vHk;0rjym&r,fhudpö
em;vnfygw,f
emqmrsm 'gudkodwm 35 OD;yJ&Sdw,f
qdkAD,ufwkdYu vlrygwJhvqif;,mOfvkyfzdkY BudK;pm;cJhw,f
'gayrJh olwdkY[mavmifpmawmifhudk&cJh&r,f
'Davmifpmawifh[m uGJjzmwJh tpGrf;&Sdw,f
tJ'gudk olwdkYucsmEdkbkdif;rSmoHk;w,f
usKyfwdkYtzGJU 6 zGJUvTwfw,f
"mwfyHkawG½kdufw,f erlemawG,lcJhw,f
'gawGudk aomhcwfodrf;xm;cJhw,f
voGm;a&;udpöudk ydwfypfcJhw,f
'D,mOfysufrIudk b,frSmppfaq;cJhvJ
,mOf&JUemrnfu tmhcfwJh
tJ'D,mOfu qkdufbmx&GefvGwfxGufwmudk udk,fwkdifawGUcJhw,f
olwkdYu todÓPf&Sdpuf½kyfawGoHk;wm
,mOfrSL;vnf; puf½kyfyJ
- olYemrnfu b,folvJ - qifwDe,fy½kdif;rfwJh
'g enf;ynmxGifa&;orm;wJh
ol[m atmfwdkabmhwfawG&JU wyfrSL;
usKyfrwdkifcifuayghav
vSnhfpm;a&;awG rvmcifusKyfu ,mofysufudkawGUwm
usKyfwkdY,mOfu tJ'Dudka&mufatmif oGm;Ekdifw,f
tcsdefrDzdkY qkawmif;&r,f
umvDpyifqmeJYawGUzdkYvmwmyg
tvkyf&NyDvm;
- ½l;wmyJ - &vm;
- tif; - awGUvm; tJ'gbmvfaumifaMumifh
BudKqdkygw,f
- xyfvkdcsifvm; - tif;
jycef;wm0efcHeJYawGUcsifw,f
- tmumoawmifwef;rSm awGUcsifwm - 'DrSm rvSbl;vm;
olu vHk;0at;aq;olyg
- tif; - tif;
qrf
'Dvefa*gh'fyg
a[;
awGU&wm 0rf;omygw,f
0rf;omygw,f
cifAsm;taMumif; umvDutrsm;BuD; ajymjyxm;ygw,f
tjyeftvSefyg taqmuftOD;uvSw,f
'DrSm Mu,fwm&mvkyfief;av
aus;Zl; trsm;BuD;wifw,f
umvDra&mufcifuawmh tawmf½IyfyG aecJhwmyJ
tck jyefNyD;jyKjyifa&;awG vkyfaeygNyD
ausmufp&pfoJjyifrSm usKyfu'DESpf zvm;,lrSm
bmvkdYvJ odvm;
'DtrsKd;orD;[m usKyf&JU
vQKdU0SufvufeufrdkYyJ
- tdkau - &Sifu csJUum;vGef;w,f
uRefrvkyfay;cJhwmu &SifzGJUpnf;EkdifzdkYyg
'Dxuf ydkygw,f
emrnf0Sufu 'wfcsufpfwJhvm;
[kwfw,f
cspfp&myJ
olYudkNAdwdoQoH½Hk;u usKyfckd;xkwfawmh
wkdif;jynfwpfjynfudk udkif&wm vG,fw,fvkdY usKyfajymcJhw,f
pDrH&wm tzkd;rjzwfEkdifwJh ypönf;
1939 ckESpf umb&D,dkvuf 165 udk erlemMunhfygvm;
'gqkd jyifopfwpfa,mufu yHkpHqGJcJhwm
tauGUtaumufawGudk Munhfxl;jcm;w,f
vSw,f
t"dyÜm,f&Sdw,f
trsKd;orD;yHkav
vmprf;
tazu a':vm 10 eJYpdwful;,Ofwm
'gudk tifyg,mwpfckjzpfatmifvkyfwm
- Mo..aMomf - tar&duefrSm usKyfwdkYvkyfief;u tus,fqHk;
tazaowm usKyfpGefYpm;&w,f
'g[m tem*wfudpö
tEdkif&olbufu avmif;aMu;wifwm
pkaqmif;xm;wJhum;awGaMumifh usKyftda`E´rysufbl;
wu,fBuD;us,fygw,f
[kwfw,f rpöwma*guf'f
- tJ'g rawGUrdbl; - uRefra&myJ
yGJu usyfw,f
uJ 'DrSm 'DrSm
awGUvm;
usKyfum;udk qHk;jzwf
ol qHk;jzwfwkef; cifAsm;olYudkMunhf
tJ'g uRefr&JUtxufvlBuD;
olYqDuyJ pm;zdkYaomufzkdY ydkufqH&wm
em;vnfygw,f
bmrSrjzpfbl; usKyfudkaumif;aumif; auR;arG;xm;wm
igrif;&JUupm;p&mt½kyfr[kwfbl;
awGUvm;
aus;Zl;yJ 'wfcsufpf
&Sifhudkolu Ncdrf;ajcmufxm;wm
bmeJYNcdrf;ajcmuf&rSmvJ olYyg0gaMumifhvm;
r&ygbl;
&Sifhpdwfu vdifpdwf
um;xJ0ifyg
ol[m uRefrudkpNyD; tNyHK;eJYBudKcJhol r[kwfbl;
uRefrudkifEkdifr,f xifygw,f
aeOD; tjyeftvSefawmh NyHK;jywmyJ
- tdkau - rNyHK;awmhbl;
tJ'g ightwGuf
at;aq;yg
'grsKd;eJY pufEId;vkYd r&bl;
'g 32 &mckdifEIef;jyefjyifxm;wm
c½krf;awGbmawGeJYvkyfxm;wm
cifAsm; tvkyfudpövHk;yrf;ae&w,fvkdY umvDu ajymw,f
Just so you know.
usKyfu bkwftzGJU0ifyg
cifAsm;udkac:zdkY pm&if;wifr,f
'g usKyfwdkYcsif;yJodygap
olu usKyftay:odyfaumif;wm
cifAsm; uHaumif;ygw,f
ZefoD,HcsOf;uyfvmygw,f
[lpwefuyg
tqifajyygap trf;pxa&mif;
uJ vkyfMur,f
olwkdY tJ'g&vm;
qufoG,fw,f
tmhpfxJudk 0ifNyD
olYtqifhu arS;rSdefygw,f
olYbmomab;csefaecJhwm
'g yDvmawGudkapmifhzdkY
qifwDe,f
jyefvmNyDaygh rdwfaqG
BudKqdkw,f
'g usKyf&JUq&mBuD;
avmbrBuD;ygeJY
'gtxdrcHbl;
Munhf&wmraumif;ygvm; rmpwm
'Dvdkjrif&wm pdwfraumif;bl;
- odyftm;enf;w,f - xm;yg rif;u*wfpform;
udk,fajymwm udk,fem;vnfygw,f
toHvIdif;uowif;ydkYw,f
ighowfjzwfrI owif;bm&vJ
atmfwdkaomhawGu ig;rQm;pmudk,loGm;w,f
olwkdYutmhpf,mOfudkawGYNyD; ,loGm;wm
rif;ighudk*kPfjyKwmyJ tJ'D,mOfudk vqDqGJoGm;wm
vlom;awGuyl;aygif;w,f
'Dawmhtpowf&r,f
avmqmbdpf tukefowf
BudKufw,f
rif;taztdrfrSmvm;
tazu udk,fhacwfa&mufNyDwJh
[Jvdktar
tdrfxJuxGuf
- tdrfxJrSmbmvkyfMuwmvJ - vmvnfwmyg
'gubmawGvJ
- 'gu - r&bl;
'gtmumouav;i,fyg
rif;udk'DjyefvmcGifhray;bl;
rif;tJ'gawGYvm;
tJ'gvufwif t&nfaysmfoGm;wm
rif;udktvkyfjzKwfypfr,f rvmygeJY
em;vnfvm;
'DtvkyfrSmESpfeSpfcGJavmufvkyf 'DrSmae oGm;csifrSmyg
'D½Hk;rSmavSum;eJYwufp&mr&Sdbl;
- [kwfuJh - tdkau
'Dpm&GufawGYxm;wm
bmMunhfaewmvJ
awmfawmh
xyfvkyf&ifaqmfr,f
- [dkif; tdef*s,f - [Jvdk
NrdKUxJrSmtpnf;ta0;&Sdw,f 0ifac:rvm;
raocsmbl;
'gurD;cdk;a&mif
atmfwdkaomhawG[m urÇmBuD;udk u,fzdkYvkyfaewm
'gtdyfrufjzpfEdkifygw,f
vmvnfolpnf;urf;azmufwm
tdkauvm;
vHk;0yJ
aemufwpfcgig
em;axmif
paeaeYrSmygwDyGJ&Sdw,f &Sifhudkzdwfxm;w,f
[kwfw,f
npfywfwJh&,fp&mawGrajymeJY
oGm;csifygw,f rif;'Dudkb,fvdka&mufvmvJ
um;eJYyg
rif;rSmrS um;r&Sdwm
[kwfw,f
&ufzJvfuHprf;rJyGJrSm Edkifvmwmvm;
olu ay;wmyg
rif;udkolu um;ay;vm;
tJ'g vkyfpcef; xifygw,f
tvkyfpcef;
rif;udk bmum;rsKd;ay;vkdufwmvJ
- rmpD'D; - [ig
pufodyfaumif;wm
rmpD'D;bifhZf
rif; 'Dum;armif;vmwmvm;
a':vm 200000 wefum;
odygw,f
'Dum;rsKd;0,fzkdY igb,favmufBudK;pm;&r,f xifvJ
- tMumBuD;aygh - 53 ESpfavmuf Mumr,f
tvkyf&SifwJhvm;
bmvkyfoifhvJ a&mif;NyD;tdrf0,fr,f
&Sifu rjywfom;bl;
uRefr tJ'DrSm&SdaecJhwmyJ
'gay;p&m&Sdwm ay;&w,fvkdYac:w,f
aumif;wm jzpfvmrSmyg
y&dowfwdkY
aeYvnfpmNyD;apcsifygw,f
b,folu b½kpfb&mZkdtrSwfudk&rvJ
cifAsm;vludk cifAsm;awGUNyD
0pf0pfuD
olyJ 'DukrÜPDudkOD;pD;aewm
uJ 'DrSm b,folvmaervJ
wGDwm
- 'g b½kpfygumvD - [dkif;
uRefru olYcspfolyg awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f
qrfajymwm rSefw,f &SifhqHyifuvSw,f
- aus;Zl;yJ - &ygw,f
vkyf&OD;r,f qrf
a&mh vufaqmif
&SifBudKufwJhta&mifyJ
awGU&wm 0rf;omygw,f
igvnf; twlwlygyJ
jyefqHkr,f
'DudpöpOf;pm;&wkef;yJ *sm&D
usKyf&JUcsLigEdkYudpö jzwf&rvm;
cifAsm;&JUEkdYudkpdwfr0ifpm;ygbl;
av;pm;wmyJ vkdcsifw,f
cifAsm; b,folvJusKyfodw,f
0DuD
- usKyfcifAsm;udk ajymaewmyg - cGifhjyKyg
aus;Zl;yJ
jznf;jznf;vkyfyg
cifAsm;u "mwfyHk 6 yHkrSm ygaewm
tJ'g N*dK[fom;awG&JU wdkufBuD; 2 wdkuf
cifAsm;udk tD*spfoGm;zkdY usKyftrdefYay;cJhwm
[kwfw,f
cifAsm;u N*dK[fom;awGtaMumif; odvkYdyg
awGUr,faemf
Munhf
usKyfemrnfu 0rfyg
'D0rf
'gudk 'Do½kwfvkYdt"dyÜm,f r,leJY
olwdkYu cifAsm;udkajymxm;wmudk;
olwkdYuMunhfNyD; em;axmifwm
usKyfu tpdk;&qDoGm;vkdYrjzpfbl;
tjzpfu qdk;aevkdYyJ
zvGdKufqdkwJhtxJrSm vQKdU0SufoauFwygw,f
1972 ckESpfuwnf;u vlawGbmvdkY roGm;wmvdkY bmaMumihfrawG;vJ
cifAsm;u tawmfxl;qef;wJht*Fvdyf pum;ajymwmyJ
'gu
awmfNyD usKyfaqmfrdawmhr,f
usKyfu aqmfypfrSm
'g usKyf&JUaMunmcsuf
'gudk cifAsm;wGufMunhf
rl&if;u tarSmifydkif;rSmyJ
N*dK[fom;awG&JUrdwfaqGawG awGUaew,f
jznf;jznf;aygh qrf
bmMunhfaewmvJ
acG;
'gudk Munhfwmvm;
cifAsm; b,folYtwGuf tvkyfvkyfaevJ
cifAsm;eJYusKyfyJ&Sdwm
usKyfEdkifw,fxifw,f
v pm&if;
'g qdkif;iHhxm;wJhtpDtpOf
uRrf;usifolawGu aoNyD
tmumotpDtpOfvnf; NyD;NyD
tarSmifydkif;
v&JUtarSmifydkif;
a&csKd;cef;tjyifbufu awGUcJhwm
'g cifAsm;[mvm;
[kwfygw,f
cifAsm;vkdcsifwm usKyftukefvkyfay;cJhw,f
usKyfwdkYcsif; aqG;aEG;oihfw,fxifw,f
yxrqHk; z,fypf
usKyf tvkyfrsm;aewm rawGUbl;vm;
cifAsm; b,folvJ
cifAsm;u tuefYxJrSm usKyfudpöudk cGxm;wm
'DwpfcgBuHKzl;wmyJ arhrSmr[kwfawmhbl;
- r[kwfbl; - a&csKd;cef;tuefYxJrSmav
cifAsm;u tdwfqGJxkwfw,f
usKyfwdkYcsif; a,musfm;csif;[dkoif; jyKaewmrS r[kwfbJ
usKyf zkef;qufvkduf&if cifAsm; tvkyfjyKwfoGm;r,f
[kwfwmaygh
tdkau&JUvm;
vdyfacgif;a&m*gyg
jyefvmcJh&rvm; vmoifhvm;
cifAsm;tjyKtrljyifqifNyD;&if jyefvmaygh
olYudkusKyfrodbl; olYudkbmrSrajymbl;
tdkau tdkau
'g uwday;xm;wJhtwkdif;yJ
bmrSrjrif&awmhbl;
bmawGxyfvkdcsifvJ
*sm&D
rif;udkigBudKufw,f
rif;vkyfapcsifwm igvkyfr,f
odw,f
ighvlBuD;u ighudk...
- bmvJ - rif;udkowf&r,fwJh
0pf0pfuDudkrifbmajymxm;vJ
'ku©yJ
uJ Muufom;b,folpm;csifvJ
'DaeY0rfudkprf;aew,f
uJ vkdcsifvm; vm
ig csyfqDuvufcsmrvkdcsifawmhbl;
bk&m;
w&m;0ifvkyfwm
*smZD
vkyfazmfudkifzufwpfOD;aow,f
tjyifudkMunhfwm[m olYudkjyefac:zdkY r[kwfygbl;
'Dvlpdwf"mwfusaecJhwm
"mwfyHkr½kdufeJY
olYudkMunhfaewJhol jyefrvmawmhygbl;
[r®wD'rÜwD;udk zwfzl;MuwmyJ
tdkau
0pf0pfuD
'gowif;pmrSmyg&if cifAsm;&Sif;yg 0rfu ae&mwumrSmyJ
'Daumifu bDvl;qDrSm
tydkvkdvrf;Mum;rSm
tJ'DrSm ab;vrf;jrifvm;
udk,fhvl
'Dvludk cifAsm;wdkYarhaewm olYum; &yfwJhae&mrSm olYemrnf&Sdw,f
pmul;cwftopf&w,f b,fwkef;uvJ
usKyfjrifwJhudpö olbmajymao;vJ
tdrfomcef;udk b,folYudkoHk;zkdYcGifhjyKcJhvJ
'g tpGef;a&muf*syefyJ
'grsKd;udk olwkdYvG,fvG,frvkyfbl;
bm&vJ
'g wu,fhudpöumvD
rif;'Dtwdkif;&Sdapcsifw,f
rif;udkigaemufrS &Sif;jyr,f
ta&;ay:udpöyg ume,ftdwfpf 'DrSmyg
vSnhfpm;wJhaumifawG jyefay:vmw,f
- wHcg;zGifh - at;aq;aygh
'g usef;rma&;qdkif&m vlom;tvkyfyg
[kwfNyD ywfuiftrf 4 vm;
bmudkumuG,faewmvJ
- tdrf&moHk;qD;tkd;vm; - abbD
tJ'DOD;xkwfudk b,fu&vmvJ olemjyKausmif;uvm;
'gaMuifh emhpfrawGeJYajcz0g;oHk; aygif'gumuG,fa&;vkyfaevm;
- pdwf0ifpm;p&myJ - udk,fa& uRefrwdkY....
- r[kwfawmhbl; ae&mrSm;vmNyD - ae&m rrSm;bl;
ae&mrSefa&mufaewmyJ
atmfywDrwfeJY ckpum;ajymcsifw,f
- atmfywdrwfqD tckvkday;rvm; - cifAsm;wdkYtaqmuftOD;rSm;aeNyD
cifAsm; bmawGajymaevJ usKyfem;rvnfbl;
cifAsm;wdkYem;rvnfMubl;vm;
cifAsm;
cifAsm;u [efaumif;w,f
um;udkrvkyfeJY
rvkyfygbl;
cifAsm; ½l;aewmyJ
usKyfwdkY tifem*Gef&xm;w,f
um;xJrSm zwf&ygw,f
- rajy;eJY - rajy;ygbl;
rif;...
um;xJuxGuf
- &NyD oGm; - bD
bD txJrSm&Sdvm;
- &w,f - vSJae
atmfwdkabmhudk 'Dvkdvkyfvm;
usKyfwdkY wpfzGJUwnf;yJ[m
uJ 7-11 rSmudk,fhudpöudk,fvkyfawmh
- [kwfw,f - ratay;
um;a&m b,fvkdvJ
tJ'g usKyf&JUum;
vm 'Dudkvm
vmyg
qrf vmyg
cifAsm; bmvkyfrSmvJ
cifAsm;wdkY&JUppfqifa&; ta&;BuD;wm usKyfodw,f
'gudk usKyfuuzsufu,ufysufvkdufzdkY r[kwfbl;
'gayrJh usKyf cifAsm;udkrawGU&awmhwm
cifAsm; um;½Hkudknrvm&bl; r[kwfvm;
'gawmh usKyfpdwfraumif;bl; qrf
'DvkdyJ cHpm;&rSmyJav
uJ MunhfygOD; usKyftckarmif;&awmhr,f
usKyfu aeYwdkif;pdwfraumif;wm
vTwfay;w,f
vif;aemhpfu cifAsm;udkawGUcsifaewm
&SifhtwGuf tqifrajybl;vm;
aqm&D;yJ olwdkYutdyfMurf;wrf;w,f
rif; ighum;jyifay;
'Dvkdrxifbl;vm;
vufajr§mufxm;
tJ'g aMu;0gcg;ywfacgif;awGyg
tJ'g ajcrsufaphpGyfwm cRwfay;&rvm;
tm;vHk; jyxm;wm&Sifw,f tcsdef 10 rdepf &r,f
,mOfxJrSm 0Sufxm;wJhud&d,m 5 ck&w,f
'gudk qifwDe,fy½dkif;uydkifw,f
olwdkYrSm yHkpHus atmfwdkabmhenf;ynm&Sdw,f
qifxde,f[m olwdkYavmu&JUtdkif;pwdkif;wJh
'gawGudk aomhcwfodrf;xm;r,f
ckawmh b,folrS cGifhray;bl;
- b,folrS r0ifeJY - ck reufaumifwpfaumifu usKyfudk rSwfrdw,f
olu v&JUtarSmifydkif;taMumif; cifAsm;udkajymjyzdkYusKyfudkrSmw,f
- aemufawmh oltowfcH&w,f - cPav; vtaMumif; vmajymowJh
[kwfw,f v&JUtarSmifydkif;
'DtwkawGu vlom;awGudkbmvkdY owfcsifaevJ
olwdkYu atmfwdkabmhawGeJYcsaeMuw,f r[kwfvm;
'gaMumifh uRervkdcsifwmu...
b,folw&m;cHvJ
cGifhjyKyg ume,fvif;aemhpf
'g½dkufwm rD;,m;&if;yg
olu qrf0pf0pfuDyg
- t&yfom;... - olYemrnfudk uRefrodw,f
olYudkb,folu uif;&Sif;aMumif; vufrSwfxkwfay;xm;vJ
atmhywDrwfay;wmqkd&if cifAsm; bmajymrvJ
ol usKyftdrfa&mufvmcJhwm
'gtrsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&; ñTefrSL;yg
wu,fvkdY...
- [dkif; - 'g r½dkraovkyfwmyJ
olu b,folvJ
usKyf&JU&nf;pm;yg
bmvJ csdef;awGUwmvm;
br®vDbD;udk olodw,f ol[mppfonf rsKd;½kd;yg
olYtwGuf uRefawmftmrcHEkdifygw,f
usKyfrSmpdwful;&Sdw,f
ta&;BuD;wmjyefajym&&if b,hfES,faervJ
usKyfudk twkwpfa,mufu acgif;jzwfrwwfbJ
usKyfapm'uwufvkdY&w,f
- vkdtyf&ifaygh - em;axmifygOD;
raeYu qrf&JU½Hk;cef;xJu aqmhzf0Jvfwpfck ysufoGm;w,f
ol[m emqm&JUvlemtpDtpOfrSm ygcJhzl;w,f
ume,fvif;aemhpf
vli,fwpfOD;vufxJrSm EkdifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&; tyfrxm;Edkifbl;
uRefr ay:vpDtwdkif; ajymwmyg
uJ vkyfMurvm;
r[efbl;
&Sif b,foljzpfjzpf ta&;rpkdufbl;
'DrSm jrifcJhwm&Sifajym&if
&SifaxmifusrSmyJ
em;vnfvm;
usKyfu atmfwdkabmhawG&JUtrdefYyJemcHwm
&Sif uRefrtaMumif;od&rSmyg
qifwDe,fy½dkif;yg
ol[m taem*Gefudkifxm;yHkyJ
ol[m tdyfwJhyHkpH
pçMu&atmif
'g[m acgif;aqmifydkif;&JU tm;aumif;rIyJ
x&efazmfrmawGudk tm;jyefoGif;EkdifwJh [mudkyJ udkifxm;wm
tHhMop&myJ
qifwDe,fy½dkif;
jyefvmzdkY usKyfwdkYurf;vSrf;cJhwm
vufpm;acsMu
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